The new TITAN XD Diesel with the all-new CUMMINS 5.0L V8 TURBO DIESEL engine provides exceptional Particulate Matter (PM) control based on the latest emission technologies.
The combustion process in the TITAN XD diesel engine produces Particulate Matter (PM) at levels high enough that they must be captured or eliminated in the exhaust system to meet emission standards. This is similar for most diesel engines. You may have seen the black smoke that some diesel vehicles emit.
TWO TYPES OF PM ARE CREATED IN THE COMBUSTION PROCESS:
SOOT – Composed of partially burned particles of fuel that occur during normal engine operation (black smoke). Soot-based PM is trapped and oxidized (changed into a gas) by the regeneration process in the DPF.
ASH – Composed of partially burned particles of engine oil that occur during normal engine operation. Ash-based PMs cannot be oxidized since they are mostly metal and are instead trapped and accumulated inside the DPF. This PM will accumulate and may, in time, clog the DPF, which will necessitate DPF replacement. Ash-based PM should be produced in only very small quantities. Non-approved oils are regarded as a major cause of ash buildup in the DPF.
THE DPF, PIECE BY PIECE
DOC AND DPF ASSEMBLY
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
THE HEAT IS ON: REGENERATION
Regeneration refers to the removal of soot-type PM from the exhaust via oxidation within the DPF. There are three types of regeneration: PASSIVE, ACTIVE, and STATIONARY. Here, we will give an overview of these three types of regeneration. For regeneration details, refer to the EX section of the ESM.
PASSIVE REGENERATION
ACTIVE REGENERATION
STATIONARY REGENERATION
Exhaust system components can become hot enough during operation and testing to cause burns or ignite and melt combustible materials. The exhaust and exhaust components can remain hot after the vehicle stops moving and has been shut down. To avoid the risk of fire, property damage, burns or other serious personal injury, allow the exhaust system to cool before beginning repairs or service. Make sure that no combustible materials are located where they are likely to come in contact with hot exhaust or exhaust components.
REGENERATION AND NORMAL DAILY OPERATION
Normally, particulate matter accumulated in the DPF is automatically burned and converted to harmless substances during driving. Passive or active regeneration occurs automatically with normal operation of the vehicle. However, particulate matter collected in the DPF cannot be burned under the following conditions:
In these cases, passive or active regeneration is not sufficient to burn the particulate matter that accumulates in the DPF. As a result, the DPF Warning Lamp in the meter will illuminate. This is not a malfunction. If the DPF Warning Lamp comes ON, drive the vehicle so that normal automatic regeneration (passive or active depending on the temperatures in the DPF) can occur.
DRIVE PATTERN TO FACILITATE AUTOMATIC REGENERATION
NOTE: If the vehicle continues to be driven with the DPF Warning Lamp illuminated and without doing the automatic regeneration, the fail-safe will limit the engine rpm and/or torque. In this case, it is recommended to perform the stationary regeneration procedure.
GOOD TO KNOW
The TITAN XD has an aftertreatment warm-up system. The aftertreatment warm-up feature activates during periods of extended idle time. The purpose of this feature is to increase the temperature of the aftertreatment system to remove any water condensation that has built up during the idle time.
When the ECM detects that the exhaust temperature entering the aftertreatment system has been below 150°C (302°F) for approximately 2 hours, the ECM automatically increases the engine speed to about 1,000 rpm for approximately 10 minutes, but does not inject additional fuel.
The following conditions must be met to activate aftertreatment warm-up:
HEADS UP: DPF LEVEL WARNINGS AND SYSTEM ERROR MESSAGES
If the DPF Warning Lamp comes ON and a message is displayed in the Vehicle Information Display (VID), it indicates that particulate matter has accumulated in the DPF to the specified limit (overload condition).
The following are the three DPF warning conditions that can occur:
EXHAUST FILTER OVERLOADED (See Owner’s Manual for Drive Pattern)
When this message is displayed on the VID, the vehicle should be driven on the highway where the road conditions safely allow speeds over 55 mph for at least 45 minutes.
DPF Lamp State: Solid DPF Lamp
EXHAUST FILTER OVERLOADED ENGINE POWER REDUCED (See Owner’s Manual)
Engine torque and speed will be reduced. There are two severities of this message. The MIL will illuminate when the exhaust filter is at the more severe level.
When MIL is OFF: The vehicle should be driven on the highway (over 55 mph) for at least 45 minutes. Engine torque is limited.
When MIL is ON: Driving the vehicle on the highway will no longer recover the DPF. Stationary regeneration is required. Engine speed limited to 2,300 rpm.
DPF Lamp State: DPF Lamp Blinking
EXHAUST FILTER OVERLOADED IMMEDIATE SERVICE REQUIRED (See Owner’s Manual for Drive Pattern)
Engine speed and torque will be limited. Engine speed limited to 2,300 rpm. Immediate service is required.
MIL State: MIL ON
DPF Lamp State: DPF lamp blinks quickly.